The Theory Of Criminal Behavior - 1333 Words

Criminal behavior has been a difficult term to define over the years due to the many variables that must be taken into account in order to present an accurate definition. However, the definition provided by Bartol is as follows, â€Å"Behavior in violation of the criminal code that is intentional and without justification or excuse† (Bartol, 2014). A vital variable that is represented in criminal behavior is crime. The fundamental purpose of theory is to explain things that can be observed. When discussing crime, it is essential to provide theories to grasp a conceptual understanding. There are many theories that have been conducted to better understand the cause of criminal behavior and crime. Some examples of these theories are Classical Theory, Deterrence Theory, Positivist Theory, Strain Theory, and Social Learning Theory. The Classical Theory developed by Cesare Beccaria, introduces the idea of free will. Acknowledging people are capable of possessing free will introduces the freedom people have to choose to be a law abiding citizen or to be delinquent. The Classical Theory was derived from the Classical School which also included a theory known as Deterrence. The Deterrence Theory is closely linked with the classical school theory and the work of Beccaria. The theory suggests the most prominent method of reducing crime is to prevent it rather than punishment. Hence the definition of the theory being to employ â€Å"threats of punishments to influence behavior† (Brown, 2007).Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior955 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory I believe that explains criminal behavior and delinquency the best would be the Differential Reinforcement Theory, reviewed by Robert Burgess and Ronald Akers after it was criticized by C.R. Jeffery. Burgess and Akers argued against Sutherland’s work by using what he had used already and adding operant conditioning and modeling/condition in order to explain criminal behavior more cl early. They offered seven propositions to summarize the Differential Reinforcement Theory, which was a justificationRead MoreThe Theories Of Criminal Behavior893 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal behavior can be defined as any type of disruptive behavior or antisocial behavior that violates a law and is punishable by society. The three main causes of criminal behavior are psychological impacts, sociological influences, and biological factors. Although there are many more factors that can trigger criminal behaviors, they can all be summed up into the never-ending question, nature versus nature? The psychological approach to criminal behavior is categorized into the nurture sideRead MoreTheory of Criminal Behavior2402 Words   |  10 PagesRunning head: Theories of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior The beginning of civilization dawned a new era in which man came together to live amongst one another in relative peace and prosperity. The advent of civilization however also brought about people who choose to live a life outside of societal norms and law, norms and thus was the creation of the criminal. All civilizations tried to suppress and discourage crime by using aRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1412 Words   |  6 Pagesof social process theories that are rooted in their notion that criminal behavior is learned by a social context. There has been a learning perspective that assumed that there are law- breaking values, norms, and etc. The section goes on to explain the theories envision that a criminal’s behavior is a product of the same learning process of noncriminal behavior. Crime is known for being constructed as a normal behavior rather than pathological. The task of this learning theory is to detail theRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior Essay 2360 Words   |  10 Pageseven though there have been harsh laws enforced for those who commit crimes. These people have come up with theories as to why people commit crimes to understand these theories, we must understand what a crime is and understand the definition of theories. Crime is a human conduct that violates the laws of a state or the federal government. There are different ways people view criminal behaviors either through the view of the social problem perspective which blames the society and the social responsibilityRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1608 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of his criminal behaviour through the three different criminological schools of thought: classical, positivist, and sociological. There are a number of concepts of crime including human nature, the society, social contract, the law, and punishment. The central concepts of the classical school of thought is that people are egotistical, rational, motivated by pain and pleasure, people choose their behaviour, and behaviour can be modified by fear of punishment. The classical theory focuses onRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1191 Words   |  5 Pagesreason being is criminal behaviour sometimes can t be defined. Law in our society is defined by social and legal intuitions, not in biology. What is criminal in one country may not be in another so how can one gene deformation cause one to become a criminal ? So, as these studies have found, there appears to be some genetic traits that can influence criminal behaviour such as a person’s gender or mental illness. But this doesn t mean there is an evil gene which all criminals inherit, socialRead MoreBiological Theories Of Criminal Behavior844 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesBiological Theories are vastly growing with fascinating research. The main stump is concretely linking it to criminal behavior, because some theories are more relatable than others. Theories involving temperament and hormones give real life biological explanations, while others like extrovert and introvert behaviors, and neuroticism explain a weaker link to crime. However, all theories are valuable in exploring the root of crime. Temperament can be described as the natural mood disposition determinedRead MoreThe Psychological Theories Of Criminal Behavior883 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological Theories The psychological theories of criminal behavior focus on the lack of socialization, incomplete cognitive development, and bad childhood experiences. Those who study psychological theories believe that failures in cognitive development can be a major factor in malfunctioning behavior. These criminals have difficulty controlling anger and containing violence, which causes them to lash out. The results of these episodes are murder, rape, robbery, assault, and battery. Many moreRead MoreEssay on Theory of Criminal Behavior1000 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 Introduction Crime depicts any act or omission that is prohibited by the public law. On the same note, behavior is a function which has measurable differences in psychological characteristics among individuals (Brennan-Galvin, 2002). Such characteristics may be influenced by constitutional, personality attributes, and neurophysiologic or genetics factors. Likewise, criminal behavior is the commission of acts which in their situational and social settings are considered crimes due to the fact

When I Hear The Words `` Eating Disorder, So Many Things...

When I hear the words â€Å"Eating Disorder†, so many things go through my head. A sort of obsession around the topic has plagued my brain since I was thirteen years old. As a twenty-one year old, I can now recognize where it all went wrong, how a lot of minor meal constrictions turned into a full blown illness. As long as I can remember I have always been weird about food, not wanting it to touch, not trying new things or eating anything with sauce on it. When I began eighth grade this became the most apparent. Middle school is a weird time, half of your friends are turning into women, while some are still girls in the eyes of doctors. Regardless, everyone thinks that this time period is the end of the world. During my eighth grade year, my†¦show more content†¦High school was no easier than middle school, it just brought cars, boys and more intense extracurricular activities. At this point in my story, I was continuing trying to restrict my diet, but kept giving in . I didn’t understand how some girls could completely stop eating, but I couldn’t keep it going for more than a few days. This is when I resorted to diet pills. I was around fifteen, so I couldn’t legally buy them from CVS, but I could order them online with a debit card. I remember receiving my first package of Oxi Elite Pro (now discontinued for causing liver failure), my mom wanted to know what was inside the package, but I convinced her it was a sample of Bert’s Bee’s body lotion. After the diet pills began, I became addicted to losing weight. The diet pills kept me from feeling super hungry, so I could finally see I was losing weight. I began compulsively weighing myself, probably up to five times a day. However, once I began running low on the pills, with no income, I needed something else. When I was sixteen, I got my first job. I remember being beyond excited to start making my own money and have extra money for gas. The girls I worked wit h at work often talked about diets and cleanses, as many girls do. However, given that I was already falling into a dark hole, I probably should have removed myself from the situation. When work would get slow, I would look the calories up in certain foods we served. I began being able to recite

God Sees the Truth, but Waits by Leo Tolstoy free essay sample

In the town of Vladimir lived a young merchant named Ivan Dmitritch Aksionov. He had two shops and a house of his own. Aksionov was a handsome, fair-haired, curly-headed fellow, full of fun, and very fond of singing. When quite a young man he had been given to drink, and was riotous when he had had too much, but after he married he gave up drinking, except now and then. One summer Aksionov was going to the Nizhny Fair, and as he bade good-bye to his family, his wife said to him, Ivan Dmitritch, do not start to-day; I have had a bad dream about you. Aksionov laughed, and said, You are afraid that when I get to the fair I shall go on a spree. His wife replied: I do not know what I am afraid of; all I know is that I had a bad dream. I dreamt you returned from the town, and when you took off your cap I saw that your hair was quite grey. Aksionov laughed. Thats a lucky sign, said he. See if I dont sell out all my goods, and bring you some presents from the fair. So he said good-bye to his family, and drove away.When he had travelled half-way, he met a merchant whom he knew, and they put up at the same inn for the night. They had some tea together, and then went to bed in adjoining rooms. It was not Aksionovs habit to sleep late, and, wishing to travel while it was still cool, he aroused his driver before dawn, and told him to put in the horses. Then he made his way across to the landlord of the inn (who lived in a cottage at the back), paid his bill, and continued his journey. When he had gone about twenty-five miles, he stopped for the horses to be fed.Aksionov rested awhile in the passage of the inn, then he stepped out into the porch, and, ordering a samovar to be heated, got out his guitar and began to play. Suddenly a troika drove up with tinkling bells and an official alighted, followed by two soldiers. He came to Aksionov and began to question him, asking him who he was and whence he came. Aksionov answered him fully, and said, Wont you have some tea with me? But the official went on cross-questioning him and asking him, Where did you spend last night? Were you alone, or with a fellow-merchant?Did you see the other merchant this morning? Why did you leave the inn before dawn? Aksionov wondered why he was asked all these questions, but he described all that had happened, and then added, Why do you cross-question me as if I were a thief or a robber? I am travelling on business of my own, and there is no need to question me. Then the official, calling the soldiers, said, I am the police-officer of this district, and I question you because the merchant with whom you spent last night has been found with his throat cut. We must search your things. They entered the house. The soldiers and the police-officer unstrapped Aksionovs luggage and searched it. Suddenly the officer drew a knife out of a bag, crying, Whose knife is this? Aksionov looked, and seeing a blood-staine d knife taken from his bag, he was frightened. How is it there is blood on this knife? Aksionov tried to answer, but could hardly utter a word, and only stammered: I—dont know—not mine. Then the police-officer said: This morning the merchant was found in bed with his throat cut. You are the only person who could have done it.The house was locked from inside, and no one else was there. Here is this blood-stained knife in your bag, and your face and manner betray you! Tell me how you killed him, and how much money you stole? Aksionov swore he had not done it; that he had not seen the merchant after they had had tea together; that he had no money except eight thousand rubles of his own, and that the knife was not his. But his voice was broken, his face pale, and he trembled with fear as though he were guilty. The police-officer ordered the soldiers to bind Aksionov and to put him in the cart.As they tied his feet together and flung him into the cart, Aksionov crossed himself and wept. His money and goods were taken from him, and he was sent to the nearest town and imprisoned there. Enquiries as to his character were made in Vladimir. The merchants and other inhabitants of that town said that in former days he used to drink and waste his time, but that he was a good man. Then the trial came on: he was charged with murdering a merchant from Ryazan, and robbing him of twenty thousand rubles. His wife was in despair, and did not know what to believe. Her children were all quite small; one was a baby at her breast.Taking them all with her, she went to the town where her husband was in jail. At first she was not allowed to see him; but after much begging, she obtained permission from the officials, and was taken to him. When she saw her husband in prison-dress and in chains, shut up with thieves and criminals, she fell down, and did not come to her senses for a long time. Then she drew her children to her, and sat down near him. She told him of things at home, and asked about what had happened to him. He told her all, and she asked, What can we do now? We must petition the Czar not to let an innocent man perish. His wife told him that she had sent a petition to the Czar, but it had not been accepted. Aksionov did not reply, but only looked downcast. Then his wife said, It was not for nothing I dreamt your hair had turned grey. You remember? You should not have started that day. And passing her fingers through his hair, she said: Vanya dearest, tell your wife the truth; was it not you who did it? So you, too, suspect me! said Aksionov, and, hiding his face in his hands, he began to weep. Then a soldier came to say that the wife and children must go away; and Aksionov said good-bye to his family for the last time.When they were gone, Aksionov recalled what had been said, and when he remembered that his wife also had suspected him, he said to himself, It seems that only God can know the truth; it is to Him alone we must appeal, and from Him alone expect mercy. And Aksionov wrote no more petitions; gave up all hope, and only prayed to God. Aksionov was condemned to be flogged and sent to the mines. So he was flogged with a knot, and when the wounds made by the knot were healed, he was driven to Siberia with other convicts. For twenty-six years Aksionov lived as a convict in Siberia.His hair turned white as snow, and his beard grew long, thin, and grey. All his mirth went; he stooped; he walked slowly, spoke little, and never laughed, but he often prayed. In prison Aksionov learnt to make boots, and earned a little money, with which he bought The Lives of the Saints. He read this book when there was light enough in the prison; and on Sundays in the prison-church he read the lessons and sang in the choir; for his voice was still good. The prison authorities liked Aksionov for his meekness, and his fellow-prisoners respected him: they called him Grandfather, and The Saint. When they wanted to petition the prison authorities about anything, they always made Aksionov their spokesman, and when there were quarrels among the prisoners they came to him to put things right, and to judge the matter. No news reached Aksionov from his home, and he did not even know if his wife and children were still alive. One day a fresh gang of convicts came to the prison. In the evening the old prisoners collected round the new ones and asked them what towns or villages they came from, and what they were sentenced for. Among the rest Aksionov sat down near the newcomers, and listened with downcast air to what was said.One of the new convicts, a tall, strong man of sixty, with a closely-cropped grey beard, was telling the others what he had been arrested for. Well, friends, he said, I only took a horse that was tied to a sledge, and I was arrested and accused of stealing. I said I had only taken it to get home quicker, and had then let it go; besides, the driver was a personal friend of mine. So I said, Its all right. No, said they, you stole it. But how or where I stole it they could not say. I once really did something wrong, and ought by rights to have come here long ago, but that time I was not found out.Now I have been sent here for nothing at all. . . . Eh, but its lies Im telling you; Ive been to Siberia before, but I did not stay long. Where are you from? asked some one. From Vladimir. My family are of that town. My name is Makar, and they also call me Semyonich. Aksionov raised his head and said: Tell me, Semyonich, do you know anything of the merchants Aksionov of Vladimir? Are they still alive? Know them? Of course I do. The Aksionovs are rich, though their father is in Siberia: a sinner like ourselves, it seems! As for you, Grandad, how did you come here? Aksionov did not like to speak of his misfortune.He only sighed, and said, For my sins I have been in prison these twenty-six years. What sins? asked Makar Semyonich. But Aksionov only said, Well, well—I must have deserved it! He would have said no more, but his companions told the newcomers how Aksionov came to be in Siberia; how someone had killed a merchant, and had put the knife among Aksionovs things, and Aksionov had been unjustly condemned. When Makar Semyonich heard this, he looked at Aksionov, slapped his own knee, and exclaimed, Well, this is wonderful! Really wonderful! But how old youve grown, Grandad! The others asked him why he was so surprised, and where he had seen Aksionov before; but Makar Semyonich did not reply. He only said: Its wonderful that we should meet here, lads! These words made Aksionov wonder whether this man knew who had killed the merchant; so he said, Perhaps, Semyonich, you have heard of that affair, or maybe youve seen me before? How could I help hearing? The worlds full of rumours. But its a long time ago, and Ive forgotten what I heard. Perhaps you heard who killed the merchant? asked Aksionov. Makar Semyonich laughed, and replied: It must have been him in whose bag the knife was found!If someone else hid the knife there, Hes not a thief till hes caught, as the saying is. How could anyone put a knife into your bag while it was under your head? It would surely have woke you up. When Aksionov heard these words, he felt sure this was the man who had killed the merchant. He rose and went away. All that night Aksionov lay awake. He felt terribly unhappy, and all sorts of images rose in his mind. There was the image of his wife as she was when he parted from her to go to the fair. He saw her as if she were present; her face and her eyes rose before him; he heard her speak and laugh.Then he saw his children, quite little, as they were at that time: one with a little cloak on, another at his mothers breast. And then he remembered himself as he used to be—young and merry. He remembered how he sat playing the guitar in the porch of the inn where he was arrested, and how free from care he had been. He saw, in his mind, the place where he was flogged, the executioner, and the people standing around; the chains, the convicts, all the twenty-six years of his prison life, and his premature old age. The thought of it all made him so wretched that he was ready to kill himself. And its all that villains doing! thought Aksionov. And his anger was so great against Makar Semyonich that he longed for vengeance, even if he himself should perish for it. He kept repeating prayers all night, but could get no peace. During the day he did not go near Makar Semyonich, nor even look at him. A fortnight passed in this way. Aksionov could not sleep at night, and was so miserable that he did not know what to do. One night as he was walking about the prison he noticed some earth that came rolling out from under one of the shelves on which the prisoners slept.He stopped to see what it was. Suddenly Makar Semyonich crept out from under the shelf, and looked up at Aksionov with frightened face. Aksionov tried to pass without looking at him, but Makar seized his hand and told him that he had dug a hole under the wall, getting rid of the earth by putting it into his high-boots, and emptying it out every day on the road when the prisoners were driven to their work. Just you keep quiet, old man, and you shall get out too. If you blab, theyll flog the life out of me, but I will kill you first. Aksionov trembled with anger as he looked at his enemy. He drew his hand away, saying, I have no wish to escape, and you have no need to kill me; you killed me long ago! As to telling of you—I may do so or not, as God shall direct. Next day, when the convicts were led out to work, the convoy soldiers noticed that one or other of the prisoners emptied some earth out of his boots. The prison was searched and the tunnel found. The Governor came and questioned all the prisoners to find out who had dug the hole. They all denied any knowledge of it. Those who knew would not betray Makar Semyonich, knowing he would be flogged almost to death.At last the Governor turned to Aksionov whom he knew to be a just man and said: You are a truthful old man; tell me, before God, who dug the hole? Makar Semyonich stood as if he were quite unconcerned, looking at the Governor and not so much as glancing at Aksionov. Aksionovs lips and hands trembled, and for a long time he could not utter a word. He thought, Why should I screen him who ruined my life? Let him pay for what I have suffered. But if I tell, they will probably flog the life out of him and maybe I suspect him wrongly.

Thesis Show How Mexico Lost An Enormous Territory To The U.S. In 1848

Thesis: Show How Mexico Lost An Enormous Territory to the U.S. in 1848. Henry Polk was President of the U.S.A. from 1845, and was an imperialist. He wanted his country to expand by seizing Mexico's land. His goal was to try to make the States stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Polk first offered 30,000,000 dollars to Mexico for California and New Mexico, but they refused. As relation between the two continued to worsen, it was in fact true that The U.S. had no real legal claim to those territories, and there were only seven hundred Americans compared to the 75,000 Spanish- speaking people living in the California and New Mexico territory. The Amerindians, of whom had a population of 300,000 in 1821, diminished when the Mexican government sold the church lands, at which they lived and worked in, to ranch owners. Amerindians were required to work under exceedingly harsh conditions, and 60,000 had died. By 1870, the population of Amerindians was only 17,000. The decision for Mexico to sell its land resulted in a war by the U.S.A. against them- President Polk decided that war was the only way his country could acquire the land. The 19th century philosophy included the idea that war was a way of solving a dispute, and whoever won it would obviously acquire what they wanted. Troops were sent to the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers. General Taylor was ordered to protect the Grande River. When in 1846, Mexican troops attacked them, war had commenced. Though Mexico believed they would win easily, they were greatly wrong. The capturing of Mexico city by the U.S. made them the conquerors over their enemy. In consequence, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was made in 1848. Mexico was to give up California and New mexico for only 13,000,000. It was the Manifest destiny that had started the war. U.S.A. now had what it focused on territorially, and thus Manifest destiny had been fulfilled. In summary, the war against Mexico made them more stronger territorially. From the Louisiana purchase to the war with Mexico, the U.S.A had become a more powerful country as a result of the war, while Mexico became smaller territorially, and the Amerindians too became smaller in terms of their population.