The Theory Of Criminal Behavior - 1333 Words

Criminal behavior has been a difficult term to define over the years due to the many variables that must be taken into account in order to present an accurate definition. However, the definition provided by Bartol is as follows, â€Å"Behavior in violation of the criminal code that is intentional and without justification or excuse† (Bartol, 2014). A vital variable that is represented in criminal behavior is crime. The fundamental purpose of theory is to explain things that can be observed. When discussing crime, it is essential to provide theories to grasp a conceptual understanding. There are many theories that have been conducted to better understand the cause of criminal behavior and crime. Some examples of these theories are Classical Theory, Deterrence Theory, Positivist Theory, Strain Theory, and Social Learning Theory. The Classical Theory developed by Cesare Beccaria, introduces the idea of free will. Acknowledging people are capable of possessing free will introduces the freedom people have to choose to be a law abiding citizen or to be delinquent. The Classical Theory was derived from the Classical School which also included a theory known as Deterrence. The Deterrence Theory is closely linked with the classical school theory and the work of Beccaria. The theory suggests the most prominent method of reducing crime is to prevent it rather than punishment. Hence the definition of the theory being to employ â€Å"threats of punishments to influence behavior† (Brown, 2007).Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior955 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory I believe that explains criminal behavior and delinquency the best would be the Differential Reinforcement Theory, reviewed by Robert Burgess and Ronald Akers after it was criticized by C.R. Jeffery. Burgess and Akers argued against Sutherland’s work by using what he had used already and adding operant conditioning and modeling/condition in order to explain criminal behavior more cl early. They offered seven propositions to summarize the Differential Reinforcement Theory, which was a justificationRead MoreThe Theories Of Criminal Behavior893 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal behavior can be defined as any type of disruptive behavior or antisocial behavior that violates a law and is punishable by society. The three main causes of criminal behavior are psychological impacts, sociological influences, and biological factors. Although there are many more factors that can trigger criminal behaviors, they can all be summed up into the never-ending question, nature versus nature? The psychological approach to criminal behavior is categorized into the nurture sideRead MoreTheory of Criminal Behavior2402 Words   |  10 PagesRunning head: Theories of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior The beginning of civilization dawned a new era in which man came together to live amongst one another in relative peace and prosperity. The advent of civilization however also brought about people who choose to live a life outside of societal norms and law, norms and thus was the creation of the criminal. All civilizations tried to suppress and discourage crime by using aRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1412 Words   |  6 Pagesof social process theories that are rooted in their notion that criminal behavior is learned by a social context. There has been a learning perspective that assumed that there are law- breaking values, norms, and etc. The section goes on to explain the theories envision that a criminal’s behavior is a product of the same learning process of noncriminal behavior. Crime is known for being constructed as a normal behavior rather than pathological. The task of this learning theory is to detail theRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior Essay 2360 Words   |  10 Pageseven though there have been harsh laws enforced for those who commit crimes. These people have come up with theories as to why people commit crimes to understand these theories, we must understand what a crime is and understand the definition of theories. Crime is a human conduct that violates the laws of a state or the federal government. There are different ways people view criminal behaviors either through the view of the social problem perspective which blames the society and the social responsibilityRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1608 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of his criminal behaviour through the three different criminological schools of thought: classical, positivist, and sociological. There are a number of concepts of crime including human nature, the society, social contract, the law, and punishment. The central concepts of the classical school of thought is that people are egotistical, rational, motivated by pain and pleasure, people choose their behaviour, and behaviour can be modified by fear of punishment. The classical theory focuses onRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1191 Words   |  5 Pagesreason being is criminal behaviour sometimes can t be defined. Law in our society is defined by social and legal intuitions, not in biology. What is criminal in one country may not be in another so how can one gene deformation cause one to become a criminal ? So, as these studies have found, there appears to be some genetic traits that can influence criminal behaviour such as a person’s gender or mental illness. But this doesn t mean there is an evil gene which all criminals inherit, socialRead MoreBiological Theories Of Criminal Behavior844 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesBiological Theories are vastly growing with fascinating research. The main stump is concretely linking it to criminal behavior, because some theories are more relatable than others. Theories involving temperament and hormones give real life biological explanations, while others like extrovert and introvert behaviors, and neuroticism explain a weaker link to crime. However, all theories are valuable in exploring the root of crime. Temperament can be described as the natural mood disposition determinedRead MoreThe Psychological Theories Of Criminal Behavior883 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological Theories The psychological theories of criminal behavior focus on the lack of socialization, incomplete cognitive development, and bad childhood experiences. Those who study psychological theories believe that failures in cognitive development can be a major factor in malfunctioning behavior. These criminals have difficulty controlling anger and containing violence, which causes them to lash out. The results of these episodes are murder, rape, robbery, assault, and battery. Many moreRead MoreEssay on Theory of Criminal Behavior1000 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 Introduction Crime depicts any act or omission that is prohibited by the public law. On the same note, behavior is a function which has measurable differences in psychological characteristics among individuals (Brennan-Galvin, 2002). Such characteristics may be influenced by constitutional, personality attributes, and neurophysiologic or genetics factors. Likewise, criminal behavior is the commission of acts which in their situational and social settings are considered crimes due to the fact

When I Hear The Words `` Eating Disorder, So Many Things...

When I hear the words â€Å"Eating Disorder†, so many things go through my head. A sort of obsession around the topic has plagued my brain since I was thirteen years old. As a twenty-one year old, I can now recognize where it all went wrong, how a lot of minor meal constrictions turned into a full blown illness. As long as I can remember I have always been weird about food, not wanting it to touch, not trying new things or eating anything with sauce on it. When I began eighth grade this became the most apparent. Middle school is a weird time, half of your friends are turning into women, while some are still girls in the eyes of doctors. Regardless, everyone thinks that this time period is the end of the world. During my eighth grade year, my†¦show more content†¦High school was no easier than middle school, it just brought cars, boys and more intense extracurricular activities. At this point in my story, I was continuing trying to restrict my diet, but kept giving in . I didn’t understand how some girls could completely stop eating, but I couldn’t keep it going for more than a few days. This is when I resorted to diet pills. I was around fifteen, so I couldn’t legally buy them from CVS, but I could order them online with a debit card. I remember receiving my first package of Oxi Elite Pro (now discontinued for causing liver failure), my mom wanted to know what was inside the package, but I convinced her it was a sample of Bert’s Bee’s body lotion. After the diet pills began, I became addicted to losing weight. The diet pills kept me from feeling super hungry, so I could finally see I was losing weight. I began compulsively weighing myself, probably up to five times a day. However, once I began running low on the pills, with no income, I needed something else. When I was sixteen, I got my first job. I remember being beyond excited to start making my own money and have extra money for gas. The girls I worked wit h at work often talked about diets and cleanses, as many girls do. However, given that I was already falling into a dark hole, I probably should have removed myself from the situation. When work would get slow, I would look the calories up in certain foods we served. I began being able to recite

God Sees the Truth, but Waits by Leo Tolstoy free essay sample

In the town of Vladimir lived a young merchant named Ivan Dmitritch Aksionov. He had two shops and a house of his own. Aksionov was a handsome, fair-haired, curly-headed fellow, full of fun, and very fond of singing. When quite a young man he had been given to drink, and was riotous when he had had too much, but after he married he gave up drinking, except now and then. One summer Aksionov was going to the Nizhny Fair, and as he bade good-bye to his family, his wife said to him, Ivan Dmitritch, do not start to-day; I have had a bad dream about you. Aksionov laughed, and said, You are afraid that when I get to the fair I shall go on a spree. His wife replied: I do not know what I am afraid of; all I know is that I had a bad dream. I dreamt you returned from the town, and when you took off your cap I saw that your hair was quite grey. Aksionov laughed. Thats a lucky sign, said he. See if I dont sell out all my goods, and bring you some presents from the fair. So he said good-bye to his family, and drove away.When he had travelled half-way, he met a merchant whom he knew, and they put up at the same inn for the night. They had some tea together, and then went to bed in adjoining rooms. It was not Aksionovs habit to sleep late, and, wishing to travel while it was still cool, he aroused his driver before dawn, and told him to put in the horses. Then he made his way across to the landlord of the inn (who lived in a cottage at the back), paid his bill, and continued his journey. When he had gone about twenty-five miles, he stopped for the horses to be fed.Aksionov rested awhile in the passage of the inn, then he stepped out into the porch, and, ordering a samovar to be heated, got out his guitar and began to play. Suddenly a troika drove up with tinkling bells and an official alighted, followed by two soldiers. He came to Aksionov and began to question him, asking him who he was and whence he came. Aksionov answered him fully, and said, Wont you have some tea with me? But the official went on cross-questioning him and asking him, Where did you spend last night? Were you alone, or with a fellow-merchant?Did you see the other merchant this morning? Why did you leave the inn before dawn? Aksionov wondered why he was asked all these questions, but he described all that had happened, and then added, Why do you cross-question me as if I were a thief or a robber? I am travelling on business of my own, and there is no need to question me. Then the official, calling the soldiers, said, I am the police-officer of this district, and I question you because the merchant with whom you spent last night has been found with his throat cut. We must search your things. They entered the house. The soldiers and the police-officer unstrapped Aksionovs luggage and searched it. Suddenly the officer drew a knife out of a bag, crying, Whose knife is this? Aksionov looked, and seeing a blood-staine d knife taken from his bag, he was frightened. How is it there is blood on this knife? Aksionov tried to answer, but could hardly utter a word, and only stammered: I—dont know—not mine. Then the police-officer said: This morning the merchant was found in bed with his throat cut. You are the only person who could have done it.The house was locked from inside, and no one else was there. Here is this blood-stained knife in your bag, and your face and manner betray you! Tell me how you killed him, and how much money you stole? Aksionov swore he had not done it; that he had not seen the merchant after they had had tea together; that he had no money except eight thousand rubles of his own, and that the knife was not his. But his voice was broken, his face pale, and he trembled with fear as though he were guilty. The police-officer ordered the soldiers to bind Aksionov and to put him in the cart.As they tied his feet together and flung him into the cart, Aksionov crossed himself and wept. His money and goods were taken from him, and he was sent to the nearest town and imprisoned there. Enquiries as to his character were made in Vladimir. The merchants and other inhabitants of that town said that in former days he used to drink and waste his time, but that he was a good man. Then the trial came on: he was charged with murdering a merchant from Ryazan, and robbing him of twenty thousand rubles. His wife was in despair, and did not know what to believe. Her children were all quite small; one was a baby at her breast.Taking them all with her, she went to the town where her husband was in jail. At first she was not allowed to see him; but after much begging, she obtained permission from the officials, and was taken to him. When she saw her husband in prison-dress and in chains, shut up with thieves and criminals, she fell down, and did not come to her senses for a long time. Then she drew her children to her, and sat down near him. She told him of things at home, and asked about what had happened to him. He told her all, and she asked, What can we do now? We must petition the Czar not to let an innocent man perish. His wife told him that she had sent a petition to the Czar, but it had not been accepted. Aksionov did not reply, but only looked downcast. Then his wife said, It was not for nothing I dreamt your hair had turned grey. You remember? You should not have started that day. And passing her fingers through his hair, she said: Vanya dearest, tell your wife the truth; was it not you who did it? So you, too, suspect me! said Aksionov, and, hiding his face in his hands, he began to weep. Then a soldier came to say that the wife and children must go away; and Aksionov said good-bye to his family for the last time.When they were gone, Aksionov recalled what had been said, and when he remembered that his wife also had suspected him, he said to himself, It seems that only God can know the truth; it is to Him alone we must appeal, and from Him alone expect mercy. And Aksionov wrote no more petitions; gave up all hope, and only prayed to God. Aksionov was condemned to be flogged and sent to the mines. So he was flogged with a knot, and when the wounds made by the knot were healed, he was driven to Siberia with other convicts. For twenty-six years Aksionov lived as a convict in Siberia.His hair turned white as snow, and his beard grew long, thin, and grey. All his mirth went; he stooped; he walked slowly, spoke little, and never laughed, but he often prayed. In prison Aksionov learnt to make boots, and earned a little money, with which he bought The Lives of the Saints. He read this book when there was light enough in the prison; and on Sundays in the prison-church he read the lessons and sang in the choir; for his voice was still good. The prison authorities liked Aksionov for his meekness, and his fellow-prisoners respected him: they called him Grandfather, and The Saint. When they wanted to petition the prison authorities about anything, they always made Aksionov their spokesman, and when there were quarrels among the prisoners they came to him to put things right, and to judge the matter. No news reached Aksionov from his home, and he did not even know if his wife and children were still alive. One day a fresh gang of convicts came to the prison. In the evening the old prisoners collected round the new ones and asked them what towns or villages they came from, and what they were sentenced for. Among the rest Aksionov sat down near the newcomers, and listened with downcast air to what was said.One of the new convicts, a tall, strong man of sixty, with a closely-cropped grey beard, was telling the others what he had been arrested for. Well, friends, he said, I only took a horse that was tied to a sledge, and I was arrested and accused of stealing. I said I had only taken it to get home quicker, and had then let it go; besides, the driver was a personal friend of mine. So I said, Its all right. No, said they, you stole it. But how or where I stole it they could not say. I once really did something wrong, and ought by rights to have come here long ago, but that time I was not found out.Now I have been sent here for nothing at all. . . . Eh, but its lies Im telling you; Ive been to Siberia before, but I did not stay long. Where are you from? asked some one. From Vladimir. My family are of that town. My name is Makar, and they also call me Semyonich. Aksionov raised his head and said: Tell me, Semyonich, do you know anything of the merchants Aksionov of Vladimir? Are they still alive? Know them? Of course I do. The Aksionovs are rich, though their father is in Siberia: a sinner like ourselves, it seems! As for you, Grandad, how did you come here? Aksionov did not like to speak of his misfortune.He only sighed, and said, For my sins I have been in prison these twenty-six years. What sins? asked Makar Semyonich. But Aksionov only said, Well, well—I must have deserved it! He would have said no more, but his companions told the newcomers how Aksionov came to be in Siberia; how someone had killed a merchant, and had put the knife among Aksionovs things, and Aksionov had been unjustly condemned. When Makar Semyonich heard this, he looked at Aksionov, slapped his own knee, and exclaimed, Well, this is wonderful! Really wonderful! But how old youve grown, Grandad! The others asked him why he was so surprised, and where he had seen Aksionov before; but Makar Semyonich did not reply. He only said: Its wonderful that we should meet here, lads! These words made Aksionov wonder whether this man knew who had killed the merchant; so he said, Perhaps, Semyonich, you have heard of that affair, or maybe youve seen me before? How could I help hearing? The worlds full of rumours. But its a long time ago, and Ive forgotten what I heard. Perhaps you heard who killed the merchant? asked Aksionov. Makar Semyonich laughed, and replied: It must have been him in whose bag the knife was found!If someone else hid the knife there, Hes not a thief till hes caught, as the saying is. How could anyone put a knife into your bag while it was under your head? It would surely have woke you up. When Aksionov heard these words, he felt sure this was the man who had killed the merchant. He rose and went away. All that night Aksionov lay awake. He felt terribly unhappy, and all sorts of images rose in his mind. There was the image of his wife as she was when he parted from her to go to the fair. He saw her as if she were present; her face and her eyes rose before him; he heard her speak and laugh.Then he saw his children, quite little, as they were at that time: one with a little cloak on, another at his mothers breast. And then he remembered himself as he used to be—young and merry. He remembered how he sat playing the guitar in the porch of the inn where he was arrested, and how free from care he had been. He saw, in his mind, the place where he was flogged, the executioner, and the people standing around; the chains, the convicts, all the twenty-six years of his prison life, and his premature old age. The thought of it all made him so wretched that he was ready to kill himself. And its all that villains doing! thought Aksionov. And his anger was so great against Makar Semyonich that he longed for vengeance, even if he himself should perish for it. He kept repeating prayers all night, but could get no peace. During the day he did not go near Makar Semyonich, nor even look at him. A fortnight passed in this way. Aksionov could not sleep at night, and was so miserable that he did not know what to do. One night as he was walking about the prison he noticed some earth that came rolling out from under one of the shelves on which the prisoners slept.He stopped to see what it was. Suddenly Makar Semyonich crept out from under the shelf, and looked up at Aksionov with frightened face. Aksionov tried to pass without looking at him, but Makar seized his hand and told him that he had dug a hole under the wall, getting rid of the earth by putting it into his high-boots, and emptying it out every day on the road when the prisoners were driven to their work. Just you keep quiet, old man, and you shall get out too. If you blab, theyll flog the life out of me, but I will kill you first. Aksionov trembled with anger as he looked at his enemy. He drew his hand away, saying, I have no wish to escape, and you have no need to kill me; you killed me long ago! As to telling of you—I may do so or not, as God shall direct. Next day, when the convicts were led out to work, the convoy soldiers noticed that one or other of the prisoners emptied some earth out of his boots. The prison was searched and the tunnel found. The Governor came and questioned all the prisoners to find out who had dug the hole. They all denied any knowledge of it. Those who knew would not betray Makar Semyonich, knowing he would be flogged almost to death.At last the Governor turned to Aksionov whom he knew to be a just man and said: You are a truthful old man; tell me, before God, who dug the hole? Makar Semyonich stood as if he were quite unconcerned, looking at the Governor and not so much as glancing at Aksionov. Aksionovs lips and hands trembled, and for a long time he could not utter a word. He thought, Why should I screen him who ruined my life? Let him pay for what I have suffered. But if I tell, they will probably flog the life out of him and maybe I suspect him wrongly.

Thesis Show How Mexico Lost An Enormous Territory To The U.S. In 1848

Thesis: Show How Mexico Lost An Enormous Territory to the U.S. in 1848. Henry Polk was President of the U.S.A. from 1845, and was an imperialist. He wanted his country to expand by seizing Mexico's land. His goal was to try to make the States stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Polk first offered 30,000,000 dollars to Mexico for California and New Mexico, but they refused. As relation between the two continued to worsen, it was in fact true that The U.S. had no real legal claim to those territories, and there were only seven hundred Americans compared to the 75,000 Spanish- speaking people living in the California and New Mexico territory. The Amerindians, of whom had a population of 300,000 in 1821, diminished when the Mexican government sold the church lands, at which they lived and worked in, to ranch owners. Amerindians were required to work under exceedingly harsh conditions, and 60,000 had died. By 1870, the population of Amerindians was only 17,000. The decision for Mexico to sell its land resulted in a war by the U.S.A. against them- President Polk decided that war was the only way his country could acquire the land. The 19th century philosophy included the idea that war was a way of solving a dispute, and whoever won it would obviously acquire what they wanted. Troops were sent to the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers. General Taylor was ordered to protect the Grande River. When in 1846, Mexican troops attacked them, war had commenced. Though Mexico believed they would win easily, they were greatly wrong. The capturing of Mexico city by the U.S. made them the conquerors over their enemy. In consequence, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was made in 1848. Mexico was to give up California and New mexico for only 13,000,000. It was the Manifest destiny that had started the war. U.S.A. now had what it focused on territorially, and thus Manifest destiny had been fulfilled. In summary, the war against Mexico made them more stronger territorially. From the Louisiana purchase to the war with Mexico, the U.S.A had become a more powerful country as a result of the war, while Mexico became smaller territorially, and the Amerindians too became smaller in terms of their population.

Carpe Diem Poems Essays

Carpe Diem Poems Essays Carpe Diem Poems Paper Carpe Diem Poems Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Carpe Diem Poetry Literally means pluck the day( pull flowers) Gather moments in life like you would flowers Moments dont last long; floor cut off from roots die soon Origins Attributed to the Ancient Roman poet Horace, 65 B.C.E Composed a book of poems entitled Odes What is the original purpose of language: to woo women woo means to convince or persuade; in the Renaissance the purpose of a carpe diem open was to persuade a young woman to make love. Other approaches to carpe diem encourage the reader to transcend the mundane, recognize the power of each moment, however brief, and value possibility for as long as possibility exists Academy of American Poets Gather ye rosebuds while ye may: carpe diem Old Time is still a-flying; And this same flower that smiles today Tomorrow will be dying. The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun, :helios is god of sun The higher hes a-getting, (represents when you are young) The sooner will his race be run, ( the sun is setting- you are getting older) And nearer hes to setting. That age is best which is the first, When youth and blood are warmer; ( It is better to be young, but also you get older time will get worst) But being spent, the worse, and worst Times still succeed the former. Then be not coy, but use your time, ( trying to convince the women to get married) And while ye may, go marry; For having lost but once your prime, You may forever tarry. ( you wont have any prospects). He is trying to woo the woman into sleeping with him No, only to sleep with her He is saying that she is going to get old and ugly, so she should have fun while she is pretty Kind of logical If they had enough time he would court her forever, but they dont so they should make love now. Had we but world enough and time, This coyness, lady, were no crime. We would sit down, and think which way To walk, and pass our long loves day. Thou by the Indian Ganges side Shouldst rubies find; I by the tide Of Humber would complain. I would Love you ten years before the flood, And you should, if you please, refuse Till the conversion of the Jews. My vegetable love should grow Vaster than empires and more slow; An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze; Two hundred to adore each breast, But thirty thousand to the rest; An age at least to every part, And the last age should show your heart. For, lady, you deserve this state, Nor would I love at lower rate. But at my back I always hear Times wingà ¨d chariot hurrying near; And yonder all before us lie Deserts of vast eternity. Thy beauty shall no more be found; Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound My echoing song; then worms shall try That long-preserved virginity, And your quaint honour turn to dust, And into ashes all my lust; The graves a fine and private place, But none, I think, do there embrace. Now therefore, while the youthful hue Sits on thy skin like morning dew, And while thy willing soul transpires At every pore with instant fires, Now let us sport us while we may, And now, like amorous birds of prey, Rather at once our time devour Than languish in his slow-chapped power. Let us roll all our strength and all Our sweetness up into one ball, And tear our pleasures with rough strife Through the iron gates of life: Thus, though we cannot make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run. 1. The rivers represent the infinite amount of space and timed 2. Infinite amount of time: example of hyperbole Vegetative love, fecund flourishing Love at the level of sensation rather than reason and emotion, which should characterize human love. Eyes= windows of the soul Forehead= intellect Does not care about brain Apollo= god of sun that drives his chariot across the heavens each day Desserts, dust, ashes= death Worms will take your virginity if you die a virgin No and Nor complete the pattern of negation of life found in these lines Dead people cannot embrace Now is repeated to drive home meaning Images suggest that youth is warm, moist, and transitory ( represents youth) The birds of prey and ball that penetrates the iron gate are violent images

What is Geography

What is Geography Free Online Research Papers What geography is: Geography is about countries and lands. We study about countries all over the world. There are three kind of geographical descriptions. These are human geography, physical geography and environmental geography. All about Latitude and Longitude: Longitude and latitude is a system of lines used to find the location of any place, on the surface of the earth. Lines of latitude run in an east-west direction. Lines of longitude run in a north-south direction. The prime meridian is the imaginary line which goes across the earth. The meridian runs from the north pole to the south pole. The prime meridian runs through the Greenwich Observatory in London. There are 5 lines of latitude running through the earth. The Artic Circle, the Tropic of Cancer , the Tropic of Capricorn , the Antarctic Circle , and finally the most important one is the Equator. About maps and grid references: A map shows you the world. There are different kinds of maps. On a map different things are coloured in so you know what’s what. On a map you can see where you are if you’re lost. Here are some examples of different kinds of maps: World Maps Park Maps Europe Map School Maps Country Maps Shopping Center Maps County Maps Tourist Maps Settlement maps GPS Navigation System Grid references help you find any place on a map. There are two kinds of grid references. Normal grid references and six figure grid references. The imaginary lines are shown on the maps so you can find stuff. The little squares on the map are numbered , so in the index whatever the places number is you can find it very easily. On most of the maps there is a scale about the length of the roads. There are also lots of keys what let you know about shops and things. This is how you use grid references and maps. Things about settlements: A settlement is where people live. It could be a hamlet, village, town or city. Settlements are built on different sites. A site is the land where the settlement is built on. In a settlement there are lots of dwellings, but it depends how big the settlement is. A dwelling is where people live (House or flat). Before you choose a settlement you have to look at the factors of the settlement. There are good factors and poor factors. If you choose a settlement it shouldn’t have many poor factors, because it would have many faults while you live there. The way settlements grow: All the settlements have grown a lot since the older times. More people come to the area and settle down to live. The people can come for work and all sorts of stuff. Lots of people make families and have children and so on, and so on†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The settlement hierarchy shows you how many settlements there are. Here is an example for one: The settlement hierarchy shows you how many types of settlements there are and how many of them. The bigger the settlement is the less there is. Research Papers on What is GeographyAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2PETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyResearch Process Part One

Critical Review about Postgraduate Research Methods Essay

Critical Review about Postgraduate Research Methods - Essay Example The author defined the glass ceiling as those artificial barriers based on attitudinal or organizational bias that prevent qualified individuals from advancing upward in their organization into management-level positions. Since the feminist movement gained power since the late sixties of the twentieth century the women began to think that they should gain the power and authority among the men community. As a result they from the very beginning women placed themselves to the other side of the discussion. Nowadays women are trying to prove their self-dependence, putting aside the case of that they had begun this confrontation. To show the relevance of the problem, the author shows some statistic data about salary inequities between women and men. She asks following questions: Why are women still paid substantially less than men are Why does the glass ceiling stay in place And why does much of the popular press do its best to paint a rosy picture of job prospects for women The main purpose of Brenda's research was to identify factors that support and perpetuate the glass ceiling for women in public relations and corporate communications management. The author points out, that many researchers in management have attempted to isolate factors contributing to sex segregation and sex discrimination. After analysis of their work she made a conclusion that the body of knowledge is contributed in two very important ways: First, it highlights the need for research about women, research frequently marginalized in both the academic and business arenas. Second, it has begun to suggest factors that create and maintain the glass ceiling in corporate public relations and communications. The author describes in details research problem and its reflection in literature. The research project assumes the glass ceiling as an important area for further study for several reasons that are enumerated by the author. Feminization of the field means that although women make up more than half of the U.S. population their representation in management in public relations and many other fields is a much smaller percentage. The author points out that this limits opportunities for women and the organizations that could benefit from their contributions. Vrenda emphasizes that women in public relations have difficulty being treated equally in terms of advancement and salary. She looks at nature of today's business climate and remarks that the pressure on organizations to practice public relations as more of a two-way communication process becomes even more urgent. The author suggests the following points for consideration: 1: Do women in corporate public relations and communications management perceive a glass ceiling to be in place 2: What factors do women think help to create or maintain the glass ceiling for women in public relations and communications 3: What strategies are there for women in public relations and communications who want to work to eliminate the glass ceiling These are the main questions of the research. In the research the author used qualitative methods because, as the author explained it, the factors contributing to the glass ceiling have not yet been clearly delineated. The study used focus groups (one pretest and two subsequent focus groups) and depth interviews (a total of 10 interviews). Nevertheless, the author uses statistic to show the tendency of nowadays situation in case that groups are too small to show off the full idea. That is reasonable because

Theoretical Foundation in instructional technology Research Paper

Theoretical Foundation in instructional technology - Research Paper Example This suggests technology materials are of the essence in order to instructional technology method a feasible project. Alternatively, the design and processes should not make it hard for facilitators to dispense knowledge to their students because it leads to wastage of both time and resources. In other words, the technology should have efficiency during use without incurring extra costs during learning. There are different ways in which the quote by James Gee & Elizabeth Hayes applies to the context constructivism learning theory, behaviorism learning theory and inquiry learning theory. Therefore, in constructivism learning theory in adult online learners, they use different methodologies to meet its goals. For example, adult learners are expected to interact more with their environment in order to acquire knowledge on different aspects of online learning. This is because the methodology improves on both critical and analytical skills of the student. In the same aspect, in the constr uctivism learning theory, there is an application of computer games instead of the conventional materials in traditional education (Wagner & Ip, 2008). However, the utilization of such technology requires competent teachers who are can impart knowledge to both adult and young learners. Another fundamental prospect of integrating the theory into online learning is the ability to attain, high realistic enactment, which is made live by computers. On the other hand, there is the John B Watson/ Behaviorism learning theory whereby behavior has an attachment to an external influence such as an environment. This may be through association or some of form of reinforcement. Therefore, in terms of online learning, adult learners may not adjust effectively to computer based education. There are several reasons to explain the scenario in the context of both comprehension and retention. For instance, adult learners were formally used to the traditional mode of education hence the transition to on line learning may prove hard (Chow, et al 2010). They also lack a consistent will to adapt to a new environment that has its influence from an association from other students. This suggests that while adults may have the inner desire to use the online platforms, the conventional background prevents them from faster adaptation. Additionally, adult learners also have special needs and requirements that may prove hard for most incompetent teachers without proper training. It is noteworthy, therefore, to introduce other learning methods in the form of stimulating activities and environments to spur the learners to critical and analytical thinking. These also entail exercises, computer games and simulations in order to trigger the interest of the student in educational matters. Furthermore, through the behaviorism learning theory, teachers will help students in the transfer of knowledge in order to boost retention. Apart from the above theories, there is also the inquiry learning theory founded by Jerome Bruner in 1961. Therefore, here the student uses the available materials to develop analytical and experimental skills instead of the knowledge possessed from school. On that perspective, when learners use online methods they are expected to use their external and internal environments to integrate knowledge. Alternatively, to make such form of knowledge acquisition applicable for students, it is

To His Coy Mistress Essay Example for Free

To His Coy Mistress Essay â€Å"To his coy Mistress† is poem written by Andrew Marvell, and this is one of his best poems ever. Author used Carpe Diem, very interesting style of writing poetry. In this poem he describes his life and how he wanted a more time with special woman. â€Å"To his importunate Mistress† is poem which is written by Peter de Vries. He also in his poem used many things that are like in Marvell’s poem â€Å"To his coy Mistress. The first sentence is same in both poem, so many writers considered that his story is copy of the Marvell’s â€Å"To his coy Mistress†. The first poem has three stanzas, and we can see that author in this poem want tell us that all he wants is more time to him and his love. The major role in this poem has woman, who is more or less young, and an old man. In the first stanza the old man describes how he would love her, but it is not enough time for everything he wants. He also talks about how he could spend much time with her so that he can watch and admire each part of her body. His love is so big, so he says that her refusal would not affect on him because he is diligent in what he wants. In the second stanza he recalls how short human life is, and that we don’t have much time to do all things which we want. He thinks that everyone should enjoy in life, and do everything what they want. If we have opportunity for something we mustn’t miss it, because we could regret later. The last stanza talked about how he urges her to comply, claiming that in loving each other with passion they will make the most of the time they have to live. The second poem â€Å"To his importunate Mistress† is written by Peter de Vries. Peter de Vries was an American editor and novelist known for his satiric wit. His poem â€Å"To his importunate Mistress† has two stanzas. On the beginning of the first stanza we can see that the first sentence is the same like in Marvell’s â€Å"To his Coy Mistress†. So we can say that Peter de Vries poem is meant to mock Andrew Marvells To Coy His Mistress. Peter’s poem talked about having a mistress. The author describes a man who has a wife but also he has a mistress. His wife accepts him as it is, because she loved him. The material things are the most important thing in his life and he doesn’t see anything except that. All his time he devoted her mistress and forgets about his wife. He bought her many expensive things, and thoughts that he can with that things attract any woman. But on the end he realized that his wife is the only who was loved him all that time. On the end of this poem we can conclude that his wife beat his mistress and she was able to return to her husband. â€Å"To his coy Mistress† is a metaphysical poem, which is written in iambic tetrameter. He also used metaphors, irony and in the first part of the poem the speaker appeals to the character, in the second part he expresses his emotions, and in the third part the speaker uses reason. The setting for this story is very important because in this poem we have two layers of setting, the setting which we imagine and setting which speaker imagines. In the second poem the speaker also used symbols, irony and metaphors. Both stories tell about mistress, and the first sentences are same in both poems. So we can say that the Peter’s poem is a parody of Marvell’s â€Å"To his Coy Mistress†. De Vries’s used the same structure and metaphors like Marvell in his poem. There are a many similarities, but there are also differences. â€Å"To his importunate Mistress† shows stereotypical characteristics, the most important thing in life is money, while â€Å"To his coy Mistress† speaks of love and praise. In the first poem the author used carpe diem, which describes the passion of society.

Workplace Observation :: essays research papers

In all the different places I have worked there has always been a dress policy. In the Army we wore BDU’S and I always had to have my hair up. When I started working as a CNA again I had to ware a uniform â€Å"Scrubs† and there again they liked are hair to be up. I think in every job setting there should be a dress code for one it will distinguish you from everyone else and it lets the employees respect their job. Language had never been a real big problem to have to censor in the jobs that I have had. I think as an adult working in a professional setting you know what to say when you can say and where you can say it. Casual dress, a workplace perk acceptable throughout corporate America, is not altogether as common in other parts of the world. . (Tatiana D. Helenius) Sloppiness in dress not only makes a bad impression, but it may cause others to question business credentials or reliability. . (Tatiana D. Helenius) "In the international arena," said DelVecchio, "the words 'conservative, traditional, and formal' still very much apply. If you are not sure, err on the side of formality. Whether in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, or South America, informality and a careless attitude will scuttle even the most talented executive.† (Tatiana D. Helenius) If it's determined among your group that negotiations will be conducted in English, be considerate by avoiding slang terms such as "in the loop," "push the envelope" and "should I CC you on that?" This advice applies to written communications such as faxes, as well. (Tatiana D. Helenius) In political terms, "conflict" refers to an ongoing state of hostility between two groups of people. (Wikipedia: Verbatim copying.) Conflict as taught for graduate and professional work in conflict resolution commonly has the definition: "when two or more parties, with perceived incompatible goals, seek to undermine each other's goal-seeking capability". One should not confuse the distinction between the presence and absence of conflict with the difference between competition and co-operation. In competitive situations, the two or more parties each have mutually inconsistent goals, so that when either party tries to reach their goal it will undermine the attempts of the other to reach theirs. Therefore, competitive situations will by their nature cause conflict. However, conflict can also occur in cooperative situations, in which two or more parties have consistent goals, because the manner in which one party tries to reach their goal can still undermine the other's attempt.

Sectionalism Due to Western Expansion

The Antebellum period from 1800 to 1850 marked a time of sectionalism in American history. Furthermore, new territories gained during western expansion added to this conflict between different sections of America. Southern states wanted new slave territories, while the North wanted to contain the spread of slavery. While Western expansion contributed to growing sectional tensions between the North and South from 1800-1820, sectionalism intensified significantly from 1820-1850. Since the turn of the nineteenth century, Western territorial expansion started to increase a sense of sectionalism throughout America.President Jefferson obtained the Louisiana purchase from Napoleon in 1803, gaining unfamiliar territory West of the Mississippi River. As Lewis and Clark explored the area, others began to populate it, slowly leading to increased tensions between the North and the South. Soon an act was passed stating that territories with a certain number of inhabitants would be added to the un ion as newly developed states. Furthermore, During the Adams-Onis treaty with Spain, Florida was peacefully acquired as a state in America, which also increased tension.Eli Whitney’s cotton gin, and King Cotton increased the South’s dependence on slaves to sustain the supply and demand of cotton, while the North favored the containment of slavery; This difference between the territories regarding slavery directly contributed to the sense of sectionalism shared throughout the nation. However the issue of slavery would be postponed due to the War of 1812, and for a while afterwards, America’s shared sense of nationalism overpowered their shared sense of sectionalism.Around the time of 1820, America’s pride in their victory in the war of 1812 was wearing off, and the balance of nationalism and sectionalism among the nation shifted primarily due to Westward expansion. The Missouri Compromise of 1820, introduced by Henry Clay, allowed for both Maine and Missou ri to be admitted into the union on condition that Missouri became a slave state, as well as banning slavery above the thirty-sixth parallel. Any state admitted into the Union bellow this line would decide the legality of slavery for their new state, by popular sovereignty.This temporarily maintained the balance of slave states and free states in the Union, while increasing sectionalism throughout America. Neither the North or South wanted the other section to have more states favoring their own slavery ideals, in fear of biased representation in the Senate. Furthermore, sectionalism was demonstrated by the fact that congress felt the need to implement â€Å"The Gag rule†; This disallowed congress from discussing the issue of slavery for the next thirty years (while only lasting a decade).Though members of the house tried to pass the Wilmot proviso, which would ban slavery in newly acquired Mexican territories, Southerners naturally opposed this. Disagreements over how to dec ide the newly acquired land’s position on slavery, further intensified sectionalism between the North and South. At one point the South even tried to pass the Ostend Manifesto in an attempt to purchase Cuba from Spain, and admit it into the Union as a slave state.Although this effort failed, it strongly represents the intense sectionalism during the time: As an entire portion of the country acted autonomously to secure an additional state to gain power over their Northern neighbors. Finally, the compromise of 1850 was passed, declaring popular sovereignty as the determining factor of the position of slavery among the land gained from Mexico. Moreover, this compromise enforced a fugitive slave law, allowing the South to collect runaway slaves, abolished the slave trade in Washington D. C. , and admitted California as a free state.Although Congress implemented countless compromises to secure the unionization of America, their efforts proved futile, as sectionalism prevailed and the United States grew closer to an inevitable Civil War. Western expansion during the first half of the nineteenth century, along with increased tensions between the North and South due to slavery, directly increased the sense of sectionalism between the two regions. The controversy over controlled land transformed the nation’s intense sense of nationalism into an even more intense sense of sectionalism, leading to a Civil War only fifty years later.

Managing Relationships Essay

Introduction Relationships differ throughout our life from birth. We have friendships which are freely chosen, we have family which establishes the growth of individuals, we have romance which is where we commit and are intimate with someone, we have professional which is on a business level. We all have relationships that stand out in our lives and a couple of them have lasted a lifetime and the others were short but left a memory that will live forever in my paper I will discuss one of the relationships where and how it started and where it still is almost thirty years later. I will also discuss the issues the relationship has been through. I will also discuss ways to manage and improve the relationship. My Relationship The relationship started approximately twenty-six years ago when I was attending middle school. The relationship started off not how the normal friendship starts off this relationship started as rivalry between my brother and my best friends sister which also led to confrontatio n after that took its course me and my best friend started talking and then from there we became a team we spent every day after school together we would giggle, play, plan, and also get into trouble as kids sometimes do. Two years into meeting I had some family problems at home and I it was decided between her parents and mine that it would be a good idea for me to live with my new friend and her family. Today we are closer than sisters talk every day at least twice once in the morning on my way to work and after work on my way home. We also argue and disagree but we always work it out. This is the longest relationship I have had outside of my family but in my eyes she is my family. Attraction and Power The short term attraction began as children as someone to laugh with, to play with, to talk to as little girls do and the closer we became we were growing and learning about ourselves and about each other and we are totally opposite in the ways we live the ways we think and the way handle things but one thing is certain we level each other out. Since we do have different ways of thinking sometimes the power struggle begins and gets ugly and we are both wrong but entitled to the way we feel and it beco mes wrong when we try to make the other do something or feel guilty for what we feel or think or what they do not want to do. The importance of attraction in the relationship is vital for the ones involved to stay interested in the relationship and to pursue continuing it after all we are self-fish humans and if the relationship becomes uninteresting or there is nothing to gain from it either emotionally, physically, or spiritually chances are the relationship will die. Along with power in a relationship there has to be respect and if the power is used negatively eventually one of the people involved will get tired and again the relationship will end. Improvement An area for improvement in this relationship is listening and respecting each other’s feelings and decisions no matter whether we agree with it or not as it our human right to feel the way we feel and no one no matter who they are has the right to disrespect it. Being open minded will help this matter and acknowledging that our feelings alone are not the only ones that count we must consider everyone involved and how they can be affected and respect the feelings they hold for the situation, which in reality is fair and is vital to maintaining a friend or significant other. Relationship Management Skills Author Daniel Goleman believes it is possible to build better relationships one step at a time. This is accomplished by focusing on six competencies in the Relationship Management domain of Emotional Intelligence. These six competencies are as follows; Inspiration, Influence, Development, Initiate change, Manage conflict, and Establish terms and collaboration. (Goleman, 2009). The two management skills I will use in my strategy to improve this relationship are skills on managing conflict and establishing terms and collaboration. Managing conflict requires the ability to be able to see other perspectives outside of your own And to find a common solution that everyone can agree on and initiate. Managing conflict will help us to be able to not get so upset and hurt where we can still voice our thoughts and opinions respect the difference if we think differently. Managing conflict will also require good listening skills and self-control this will us to hand le difficult and tense situations, see potential conflict before it starts, it will help us to have an open discussion on circumstances, and it will be more of a winning situation. (Goleman, 2009) Team work and collaboration model respect, helpfulness, and cooperation. Both work and home are happier when these conditions are met. When people work well together, turnover and the productivity of the goal ahead increases. It is well known that emotions are contagious and that if one person in a group is unhappy it can make everyone unhappy. To improve my relationship skills I will want my best friend to be able to turn towards me rather than away from me or against me so I will have self-respect and show respect to others, I will try to have communication skills including listening assertiveness, also watching my nonverbal communication (Goleman, 2009) Conclusion We are all human and communication and relationships are an everyday happening we must either communicate in a verbal or non-verbal way we must also listen with an open mind and have respect for all parties involved in order for the relationships we have to work out or to turn into a long term relationship. We cannot abuse power or others feelings they may have and we must respect others choices as a mutual respect or the relationship will not work. Managing conflict and working together will help provide a better foundation for the relationship and help it grow from short term into long term with an understanding of both parties feelings along with the thoughts involved. Meeting people and building a relationship is a process of learning, listening, accepting, identifying, and respecting each other. Relationships can be anything from just casual acquaintances or can be like the one I have with my best friend almost thirty years long and counting. We can go from friendships to intimate relationships as we learn, grow, and love. References Works Cited (2009, July 27). Retrieved May 20, 2013, from The Power of Perceptions: http://nivasameya.hubpages.com/hub/The-power-of-Perception Types of Power in a Relationship. (2013, May 21). Retrieved from http://voices.yahoo.com/types-power-relationship-34270.html Blackett, K., & Weiss, P. (2011, May 1). Safari Books Online. Retrieved May 19, 2013, from http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/-/9781593578534/chapter-3-perception-learning-styles-and-personality/i61 Goleman, D. (2009, December 9). 5 Ways To Improve Your Realtionship Management Skills. Retrieved May 25, 2013, from http://www.articlesbase.com/business-articles/5-tips-to-improve-your-relationship-management-skills-1566932.html Knuth, R. (2004, November 4). The Negative Uses of Power. Retrieved May 21, 2013, from http://www.principals.org/portals/0/content/48192.pdf Webb, M. (2006,

Determinants of Local and State spending

Determinants of Local and State spending Introduction Governments are expanding each day because of the increasing number of functions that they have to carry out. Population growth rate of every country remains relatively high while mortality rates have reduced. As a result, services that people expect from governments are becoming more expensive each day. The numbers of people who depend on several social amenities offered by governments has been increasing over the years.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Determinants of Local and State spending specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, governments have had to change their budgets now and again due to several factors. It is important to note that determinants of public expenditure are vital for any country for they influence the day-to-day activities of the government. Demographic Determinants As states industrialize, demand for different commodities change. People become picky making produ ction of various commodities to be shifted in response to change in demand. It is important to note that this not only affects companies but also governments. Demand for public governments changes as states become industrialized. Therefore, states have to adjust their expenditure accordingly (Raich 28). Federal government expenditure is also influenced by industrialization which shapes the aggregate demand. Similarly, state and local governments cannot produce what its citizens are unable to afford. As the financial ability of people in a country improves, so does their demand (Burkerhead and Jerry 145). However, financial ability of people can only increase if there is economic growth. In this regard, economic growth is very vital in determining governmental expenditure. On the other hand, as a country experiences economic growth, investments increase. This may be public or private investments. It is important to note that investments are diverse in various states and each state wi ll have different needs. Another demographic issue that influences state and local government spending is the age proportion. People in different age groups have different demands. States which have population composed majorly of old people will have different budgets compared to those which have many youths. Notably, as the age composition of a state or local government changes, steps have to be taken to change the budget.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the same note, population growth is very essential in determining government expenditure (Gamkar 79). A large population means that there are many people who need services despite that fact that income of the government increases. Educational institutions have to be expanded when population increases and so should other institutions including hospitals. In a nutshell, increase in population increases d emand for goods and services thus increasing government expenditure. Political Determinants The politics of the day highly influence the kind of expenses that a government can incur. Each government whether democrat or republican makes various pledges to the electorate during their campaigns. The manifestos have in them various new things that the parties promise to fulfill if elected to office (Faulk, Michael and Michael J. 110). Consequently, once in office each government strives to influence the type of expenditure at state and local levels. Moreover, investment projects that are initiated by different governments are relatively different. This means that capital purchases made are highly dependent on political leaders in place. As a result, government demand and expenditure is influenced. Furthermore, there are instances when governments have to incur some expenses because they want to please the electorate. Taking for instance periods approaching elections, the government in p ower will always do everything to ensure that they are elected back to power. As a result, the expenditure of government during this period will be different in different states given that people will explore various ways of pleasing people. Another facet of how politics influences state and local spending is by determining which activity should be done first. It is the role of political leaders to determine which project is to be given priority and which one can wait (Luce and Anita 50). If the project that has been given priority requires massive capital investment then the expenses of the state will be huge. On the contrary, state expenditure will be lower if projects being executed are relatively cheap.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Determinants of Local and State spending specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic Determinants Usually, all governments wherever they are in the world will execute projec ts that they can afford. The budget of the government is planned taking into consideration the expected income during the financial year in question. As a result, economic conditions are very crucial in determining state and government expenditure. During recessions and financial crises, government will cut down their expenditure because of the financial difficult. Some projects will have to be stalled to increase government savings. On the same note, money has to be diverted from other projects to cater for more important issues at that time (Rosen 136). The financial crisis of 2009 when money had to be spent to bail out banks is an example. On the other hand, during boom seasons governments can afford to incur various expenses and their expenditure increases. Moreover, tax collection during seasons of economic stability is high. Consequently, state and local governments can easily increase their spending. It is important to note here that people’s demand for government comm odities is high during seasons of economic stability and these compels governments to increase their expenditure. Institutional Determinants Institutions are very crucial in any society. They are responsible for various functions in the community which cannot be assumed (Sexton 635). Moreover, institutions organize people and help the government in delivering some services to the community. In this regard, institutions have a substantial influence on what each government will spend on. Institutions that provide supportive services to the community are usually not involved in income generating activities. Therefore, governments offer grants to these institutions to argument their expenses. In states where grants are more, governmental expenses are high. Furthermore, institutions can be a source of income to the state or local government. Various institutions are involved in income generating activities. These institutions pay taxes to the government be it state or local government. T he taxes are vital in enabling the government to offer services to people.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, the higher the numbers of institutions present in a state the higher the expenditure of the state (Macdonald and Daniel 426). On the other hand institutions also deserve some services from the government are their presence in an area increases both state and local expenditure. Institutions are also crucial in not only checking government expenditure but also limiting the budget at various levels. Tax limits that have been instituted in various states limit the extent to which government can go to collect money from people and companies. It should be noted that indirectly, the tax limit curtails the expenditure of the states (Asher and Donald 12). On the same note, there is the limit on state and local expenditures. The line item veto of the governor put a ceiling on state expenditure. As a result, a state where the line item veto is implemented has regulated expenditure. Emerging Issues The world is first changing and so are the demands of people. Technological improvem ent has brought into the picture different factors that were not present there before. For this reason, technological requirements of each state are different and these highly influence the expenditure of each state. On the same note, due to globalization that has lead to immigration, cultural variance has become substantial (Pryor 323). While cultural influence may not be very pronounced as regards state expenditure, they shape people’s demand. In this regard, culture is slowly becoming influential in governmental issues. Conclusion State and local expenditure are very crucial in running of day-to-day activities of the government. Notably, public expenditure is very important in spear heading economic growth and development. However, factors that influence expenditure in one state are not necessarily influential in other states. Political dynamics in various states influence what to be purchased or offered to be people in various states. Economical ups and downs are also par t of the crucial determinants of state and local expenditure. Nevertheless, economical issues are different in different regions. Sources of income vary from state to state and amount of income per state is different. Therefore, the wealth of a state or local government is very influential on the expenditure of the government. Moreover, any issue that is capable of affecting state or local government taxation program directly influences government expenditure. In this regard, factors that influence state and local government expenditure are diverse but relatively related. Asher, Herbert B. and Donald S. Van Meter. Determinants of Public Welfare Policies: A Casual Approach. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers, 1973. Print. Burkhead, Jesse and Jerry Miner. Public Expenditure. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers, 2008. Print. Faulk, Dagney, Michael Hicks and Michael J. Hicks. Local Government Consolidation in the United States. Amherst: Cambria Press, 2011. Print. Gamkhar, Shama. Federal In tergovernmental Grants and The States: Managing Devolution. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2002. Print. Luce, Thomas F. and Anita A. Summers. Local Fiscal Issues in the Philadelphia Metropolitan area. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987. Print. McDonald, John F. and Daniel P. McMillen. Urban Economics and Real estate: Theory and Policy. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2010. Print. Pryor, Frederic L. The Future of U.S. Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Print. Raich, Uri. Fiscal Determinants of Empowerment. New York: World Bank Publications, 2005. Print. Rosen, Harvey S. Studies in State and Local Public Finance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Print. Sexton, Robert L. Exploring Economics. Stanford: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.

Faculty School Models

Faculty School Models Introduction Accreditation is mainly concerned with the improvement of quality services in institutions by pointing out how shared governance works in relation to the institution’s structure and functioning. Endorsement of an academic institute by the Commission of Colleges implies that the institution has an appropriate purpose in regards to higher education, and has services, resources and programs to achieve its mission.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Faculty School Models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the continuity of an institution is solely dependent on its team of staff and learning facilitates to offer quality education to a generation after the other. Shared governance fully integrates core values and beliefs with the aim of delivering quality education, improving on the educational environment, and producing highly skilled graduates. The sole purpose of this essay is to id entify, which is the best faculty senate model that best fits the community college, and to determine its applicability in its shared governance structure. Apparently, it emerges that shared governance is more prevalent now than it was 30 years ago. This is contrary to conformist belief that faculty roles in shared governance are declining in recent decades (Birnbaum, 2004). Shared governance has instead been widely credited for its effectiveness in achieving laudable goals. In reference to (Tierney Minor, 2003) at least 82% of masters students agreed that shared governance is important in delivering values and identity in an institution. Besides that, shared governance receives an overwhelming support of about ninety six percent from all the three constituent groups. The best minor faculty senate model must in some degree involve the governance in decision making and especially in academic matters to produce significantly praiseworthy results. The best faculty senate model that fi ts the community college is the influential model. It should not only appear convincing, but it should be effective in delivering the set goals and results. Thus, it should not only be a model, but also an effective one such that it will achieve the set target, which had been agreed upon. It should be influential rather than a ceremonial kind of model.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For the community college to achieve an influential senate model, it is necessary to put a lot of effort in this venture. Minor James illustrated that it is very easy for an influential senate model to turn ceremonial even with the best laid intentions. In most cases, the faculty model senates are viewed negatively especially as being obstructing, underperforming and dysfunctional. Senates that are influential, (Minor, 2003) have the following characteristics, they are build on the fou ndations of trust, and have a shared or collaborative relationship with the administrators. For college community to have such kind of faculty senate (Influential) the presidential and administrative authority must not dominate issues, and there should be proper and open communication between faculty and administrators. The college should also have decentralized governance devoid of strong traditions of a leadership characterized with a top-down model. If this is not so, then it might just end up being a ceremonial model. The result would be a discontented faculty. If the faculty does not have the above mentioned elements, then it does not have an influential kind of faculty senate model. The best faculty model in this case, the influential model should be in position to meet more than the obvious needs of the college. Burgan points out that it should be in a place to provide great opportunities for the college stability even in the most volatile situations, provide a room for socia lization, discussion, professional screening, if it dos not produce such listed results, then the institution cannot claim to have an influential kind of faculty senate. A ceremonial model might meet the needs of some of faculty members, but what the community college must work hard to ensure are the needs of almost everyone at the college. In addition, the needs of the institution itself also ought to be met. Truly, what can best achieve this is the influential senate model. The influential model is able to ascertain the reputation and prestige of a college. When the senate is effective, it demonstrates features of an elitist institution and demonstrates willingness to achieve academic excellence and professional standards (Tierney William, 2004). The senate model in question must be in position to contribute to the institution’s academic mission besides meeting its aspirations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Faculty School Models specific ally for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, community college should draw a strategy depending on how it might raise its standards in the community, and work towards establishing an influential type of faculty senate. If the senate model is an influential force to reckon with in the college, then this indicates that the college has this type of faculty senate. Conclusion Community colleges and other academic institutions should acknowledge that one single faculty model is not effective; rather the academic institutions should seek to work with multiple models to achieve the set goals for their institution. It is possible to work with multiple models if the institutions remain focused, work with a common agenda, and come to a consensus on the core mission and values. References Birnbaum, R. (2004). The end of shared governance: Looking ahead or looking  back. Journals of New Directions for Higher Education (127). Burgan, M. (2006). What Ever Happen ed to the Faculty? Drift and Decision in Higher  Education. Baltimore, MD: The John Hopkins University Press. Minor, J. James, T. (2003). Assessing the senate: Critical issues considered. American Educational Review journal, (26) 1. 264-272. Tierney, William, G. (2004). Improving academic governance: Utilizing a cultural Order. Baltimore, MD: The John Hopkins University Press.

The Main Factors Which Influence Customer Buying Decision Essay

The Main Factors Which Influence Customer Buying Decision - Essay Example A fall in the price of a product will result to an increase in the quantity of a product purchased, however these depends on the price elasticity of a product. If a product is price elastic and this means that the price elasticity of the good is more than one, then the products demand will rise at a greater proportion than the rise in price. If the price elasticity of a product is less than one then the demand for the product will not rise at a greater proportion than the price. 1 The price of substitutes also play a major role in determining the consumers purchasing behaviour, in a situation where a substitute of a product is less expensive, then the consumer will purchase the substitute example margarine and butter are substitutes, if the price of butter goes up then the consumer will purchase margarine. Under the price of a product we will also consider the risk associated with buying a certain product, the more expensive a product is the higher the risk and the higher the consequ ences of making the wrong decision, buyers will also consider the scrap value of and mostly this is associated with vehicle and machinery product, products with very high prices and low scrap value will be less preferred. Another consideration is the price of the complimentary good, if the price of the complementary good is hi... tary good, if the price of the complementary good is high then a consumer will be less likely to purchase the product, a good example is petroleum products and vehicles, if the price of petroleum products is too high then the consumer will less be likely to purchase a vehicle, this can associated with the running cost of the product to be purchased will be high and therefore a rational consumer will not purchase the product with high running cost.2 Future expectations about changes in prices will also influence the buying decisions of consumers, if consumers expect a rise in price in the future for a certain product then they will tend to purchase that good in large quantities to avoid high prices of the product in the future, example if a consumer expects the price level of sugar to rise in the near future then he will purchase the sugar in large quantities today to avoid the future rise in price. Therefore the price of a product is a factor that influences the consumer buying decision, the consumer will purchase goods rationally to optimise on his real income and also maximise his utility, prices of substitute and complementary goods play a role in consumers decision making on what to buy and in what quantity.3 INCOME: Income is also another major factor that influence the buying decisions of consumers, the consumers disposable income play a major role in determining what to buy and in what quantities, however this depends on the income elasticity of a certain product, if the consumers disposable income increases and that the income elasticity of demand for that good is greater than one then the proportional rise in the demand for t hat product is greater than the rise in income levels.

Accounting and Finance will send you fquestions file Essay - 1

Accounting and Finance will send you fquestions file - Essay Example s that both the companies are efficient in utilizing their capital and equity to generate sufficient profits despite the fact that Wimbledon has a higher ratio than Kensington. The Net Profit Margin and Gross Profit ratio of Kensington are higher than that of Wimbledon. To make it worse, the ratios of Wimbledon are below the industry averages (Bull, 2008). The total assets turnover and non-current assets of Wimbledon is higher than that of Kensington. The ratio of Kensington was lower than the industrial averages. This implies that Wimbledon is efficient in utilizing its total assets and non-current assets to generate sufficient revenue. Apart from receivables collection period of Wimbledon being below the industrial averages, it is also below that of Kensington (Tennent, 2008). This shows that Wimbledon is very efficient in collecting its debts. The Inventory holding period follows the same trend as the receivables collection period. This reveals that Wimbledon is efficient in converting its inventory since it holds them for a short period (Berman, Knight and Case, 2013). The current ratio and decisive test ratio of both the two companies are below the industrial averages. This is despite the fact the current ratio of the two companies are above the one implying that both the two companies can at least service their current obligations with their current assets. The debt-equity of Wimbledon is below both that of Kensington and the industrial average implying that it is not heavily geared (Barrow and Barrow, 2008). Considering the above analysis, it is highly advisable that Chelsea Plc. should acquire Wimbledon than Kensington company since it has financial ratios indicate better financial performance. The directors of Chelsea Plc. should consider other information such as cash flow statements and company policy before of the two companies before making their final

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Personal statement - Essay Example As a post-graduate course, I also believe that pursuing an MSc will substantially aid my career growth enhancing my abilities to contribute in the development of any organisation. The field of business along with money management remained the focus of my attention since long. The aspect of managing individuals in the field of work always managed to grab my attention effectively. However, my interests and engagements during my early days remained different from what it is now. I also have a working experience which I did during my summer holidays from the year 2009 to 2011. My work experiences include working with a Marine company in Nigeria where I was employed as a personal assistant. The company was chiefly engaged with letting out maintenance as well as oil refining equipments. I was required to handle the dealings of the equipments along with maintaining the finances as well as the inventory. I also had to communicate with the numerous clients of the company along with comprehending their actual needs which helped me to serve them better and ensure their satisfaction towards the company. I had also worked in an electronics store as a sales assistant. My job responsibilities involved generating sales for the company, catering to the demands and the requests of the customers along with maintaining a record of the stock and solving the queries or rather looking into the complaints of the customers and solving them. It is quite evident from my past jobs that my responsibilities involved having a complete knowledge of the business dealings along with effectively and competently handling the resources of the companies with the purpose of attaining the specified aims as well as objectives of those companies. My job responsibilities made it necessary for me to keep a vigil on the entire business process from the initiation to the completion of the intended dealings. Although I have sound knowledge regarding the aspects of overall business and HRM that was acquired

The texts, Othello by William Shakespeare, Big World by Tim Winton Essay Example for Free

The texts, Othello by William Shakespeare, Big World by Tim Winton Essay The texts, Othello by William Shakespeare, Big World by Tim Winton and my visual appropriation, have enriched my understanding of the outsider through a variety of language and visual techniques. Through the portrayal of Othello and Roderigo in Othello, the author in Big World and the outsider in my visual appropriation, the authors have conveyed the notion that outsiders will forever and always be outsiders. No matter how hard the outsider tries to fit in or deny their otherness, at times seemingly part of the group, they will, in the end, still be considered an outsider. In Othello, Othello denies his otherness in order to conform to society however he is never truly accepted by society or himself. At the start of the play, Othello strongly disputes Brabantio’s claims of him using some sort of magic to seduce Desdemona, declaring he won her love like anyone else would. â€Å"Of my whole course of love: what drugs, what charms,/ What conjuration and what mighty magic –† the repetition of the word ‘what’ illustrates Othello’s intense dissent regarding him possessing any sort of other worldly attributes which would make him an outsider. However by the end of the play, even Othello himself, stated that he used magic. â€Å"there’s magic in the web of it† the use of metaphor when referring to the handkerchief, that Othello gave Desdemona as a token of their love, portrays Othello’s inability to even accept himself. Used with other words such as â€Å"charmer†, â€Å"fancies†, â€Å"perdition† and â€Å"sibyl† which have negative magical connotations, Othello himself reiterates his otherness which at the start he was denying. This shows that despite Othello trying to fit in to society, he is always considered an outsider by both society and himself. Similarly, Roderigo believes he has a close relationship with Iago but he is actually being manipulated and not accepted at all by Iago. Roderigo listens to Iago and gives him all his money in the hopes of being able to have Desdemona. The repetition of Roderigo’s questioning tone, â€Å"what will I do†, â€Å"what should I do? †, â€Å"what say you? † , portrays Roderigo’s trust in Iago and the idea that he is seemingly lost without Iago’s guidance. It gives the impression that Roderigo thinks he has a close connection with Iago through his confiding of his thoughts and request for advice. Towards the end of the play though, Roderigo appears out of nowhere, apparently awoken from his ‘trance’, and accuses Iago of using him for his money. â€Å"Very well, go to! I cannot go to, man, nor ‘tis not very well. † the angry tone of Roderigo shows he now knows that he has been manipulated and that his relationship with Iago was a false one. This emphasises the idea of Roderigo believing he was accepted by Iago when in actual fact, he was always the outsider. In Big World by Tim Winton, the author gives the feeling that he is part of society and accepted but he continually refers to the fact that he is an outsider. The author has a best friend named Biggie, who saves the author from bullying and thus how they became best friends. In â€Å"unlike him I’m not really from here. † and â€Å"†¦the city, I’m from there originally. † the tone conveys that the author is not from Biggie’s community and although having lived there for some time, he still considers himself as an outsider, as someone who doesn’t belong. Yet in â€Å"for once I’m not faking it. † The use of personal pronoun shows that the author finally feels accepted and that he is part of Biggie’s society for real while all the other times he was only pretending to fit in. Nonetheless, in the end the author is still deemed an outsider. â€Å"†¦Biggie†¦ will blow me off.. † the colloquial language illustrates that even though the author felt like he had finally fit in, it still resulted in Biggie leaving him because he is an outsider. This demonstrates that regardless of outsiders trying to fit in, and at times they do, in the end they are still viewed as different. My visual appropriation also captures the idea that an outsider will remain on the outside no matter how much they try to integrate with society. The use of colour symbolism shows the man’s desire to fit in with the group and feel acknowledged despite being different and an outsider. The vectors of the shutters convey the notion of inviting the man to join the group and give the impression of the group welcoming him. However the leafy gate, which separates the man in the foreground from the group in the background, creates an atmosphere of separation conveying the sense of the man still being an outsider. Furthermore the square, in which the group is seen, can be considered a window and when the appropriation is viewed as a whole, it looks like the group of people is enclosed in a room while the man is left on the outside where he can only observe. This gives the feeling that regardless of the closeness the man and group seem to be in, the man is still an outsider. As a result it shows that in spite of the man trying to fit in, to deny his otherness, he incessantly remains an outsider. Through the variety of literary and visual devices encountered in the texts, Othello, Big World and my visual appropriation, it has enriched my understanding of the outsider. The outsider will continually be perceived as the other even with them attempting to join the group or society. At times they may appear to fit in and feel accepted but ultimately the outsiders will be regarded as just that, outsiders.

The F.B.I. Essay examples -- FBI Police Crime Essays

The F.B.I. To uphold the law through the investigation of violations of federal criminal law; to protect the U.S. from foreign intelligence and terrorist activities; to provide leadership and law enforcement assistance to federal, state, local, and international agencies; and to perform these responsibilities in a manner that is responsive to the needs of the public and is faithful to the constitution of the U.S.: this is the mission of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The agency now known as the Federal Bureau of Investigation was founded in 1908 when the Attorney General appointed an unnamed force of Special Agents to be the investigative force of the Department of Justice (DOJ). Before that time, the DOJ had to borrow Agents from the U.S. Secret Service to investigate violations of federal criminal laws within its jurisdiction. In 1909, the Special Agent Force was renamed the Bureau of Investigation, and after a series of name changes, it received its present official name in 1935. During the early period of the FBIs history, its agents investigated violations of mainly bankruptcy frauds, antitrust crime, and neutrality violation. During World War One, the Bureau was given the responsibility of investigating espionage, sabotage, sedition (resistance against lawful authority), and draft violations. The passage of the National Motor Vehicle Theft Act in 1919 further broadened the Bureau's jurisdiction. After the passage of Prohibition in 1920, the gangster era began, bringing about a whole new type of crime. Criminals engaged in kidnapping and bank robbery, which were not federal crimes at that time. This changed in 1932 with the passage of a federal kidnapping statute. In 1934, many other federal criminal statutes were passed, and Congress gave Special Agents the authority to make arrests and to carry firearms. The FBIs size and jurisdiction during the second World War increased greatly and included intelligence matters in South America. With the end of that war, and the arrival of the Atomic Age, the FBI began conducting background security investigations for the White House and other government agencies, as well as probes into internal security matters for the executive branch of the government. In the 1960s, civil rights and organized crime became major concerns of the FBI, and counterterrorism, drugs, financial crime, and v... .... hold a bachelors degree obtained in an accredited four-year resident program at a college or university; and 4. have three years full-time work experience, or fluency in a language for which the Bureau has a need for. After graduation from the FBI Academy, a new Special Agent is assigned to an FBI field office. This assignment is determined by the individuals special skills and the needs of the bureau. As part of their duties, Special Agents are required to relocate during their careers. Special Agents enter service in Grade GS 10 on the federal governments General Schedule pay scale and can advance to Grade 13 in field assignment. In our society today, one of the most important things to us is our safety. Organizations like the FBI help protect us and investigate crimes to help prevent future ones. Their motto is Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity, and I think that each one of those words is justified when it comes to describing the Federal Bureau of Investigation. When the duties of the FBI are stated in the mission it says to perform these duties in a manner that is responsive to the needs of the public and is faithful to the Constitution of the United States.

What Were the Social and Political Impacts of the Partition of India and Pakistan?

India gained its independence from Britain on the 15th of August, 1946 but then was previously faced with another issue. Partition. Muslims and Hindus wanted to be separated into their own countries, but what impacts would this have economically and socially? I will answer this question, analyzing both aspects, throughout this essay. This essay is based on books and articles I have read as well as interviews from my family members and detailed research through the internet. One source I mainly used was a book by Gyanesh Kudaisya and Tai Yong Tan: The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, which gave me a good idea of the aspects that were mostly impacted by the partition and how I should format this essay properly to thoroughly answer my question. Another book that greatly helped me was, The Economic Consequences of Divided India: a study of the economy of India and Pakistan, by Chandulal Nagindas Vakil. This book helped me answer the question of economy more detailed. I also interviewed my grandma, which gave me more of a cultural feel on how to answer this question. Towards the end of Britain’s 190 year rule over India, unavoidable issues began rising. These issues would be the reasons of Independence from Britain. Once the British began to see that their reign is coming to its end, they decided that they would first split the Hindus and Muslims before allowing India to gain its independence. So rose the issue of Partition. Though Hindus and Muslims had once lived peacefully together as brothers, that was soon changed and the notion of partition spread like a deadly virus. Muslims wanted to return to the previous days when India was under the Mughal Empire, which was the Muslim rule. They could not bear the idea of Hindus becoming more powerful or even equal to them. They also â€Å"†¦refused to learn English and to associate with the British†¦,† but once they saw â€Å"†¦that the Hindus were now in better positions in government†¦,† they knew that they had to put these differences between the British aside for now (Keen). Hindus were the same way, in the matter that they could not see Muslims ruling over them once again even though it might not be directly ruling but rather in higher authorities. Also, political leaders Jawaharal Nehru and Mohammad Jinnah were in a fit about who shall be the Prime Minister of India. This task of deciding was giving to Gandhi because of the high amount of respect everyone had for him. Choosing either one could lead to major controversies as well as violence because Nehru was Hindu and Jinnah was Muslim. After much contemplation Gandhi decided that they will divide India so that Jinnah could control the Pakistani Congress and Nehru the Hindustani Congress. Violence ensued and overnight people left their houses in a hurry to avoid being robbed, raped and killed. The social aftermath of the partition includes the civilians and their society. During this extreme upheaval and â€Å"†¦movement of some 12 million people, uprooted, ordered out, or fleeing their homes and seeking safety. Hundreds of thousands of people were killed, thousands of children disappeared, thousands of women were raped or abducted,† (english. emory. edu, Economist). Each religion were trying to reach the â€Å"†¦regions where their ancestors were from,† and like this â€Å"15 million refugees poured across the borders to regions completely foreign to them,† (Keen). Families were separated, uprooted and all in all destroyed. Other social impacts were that of simply talking to one another in society. Hindus would not talk to Muslims and vice versa. They mercilessly killed each other out of senseless rage of their differences. An example of this senselessness was when Gandhi was shot by a Hindu. Gandhi was also Hindu. Then why did this fellow Hindu kill Gandhi, a man of such high virtues and a major cause for independence? A man that was never a supporter of violence but in the end died of violence from his fellow Hindu? The cause was simply that â€Å"the Hindu detested Gandhi’s tolerance towards Muslims,† (Trueman). This caused an already unraveling society to unravel the last of its binding seams. It was literally rare to see a Hindu and Muslim together in a time of such anger and hate. There was nothing safe about this time and it was considered a blessing to come out alive even if in the poorest of conditions. The partition not only had an immense impact on the social aspect of the society but also on the economic aspect. Impacts included a decrease in confidence in enterprising and there was â€Å"an atmosphere of uncertainity and suspense,† (Anand). Investors and business men didn’t know if their shop would be burnt down the next day or if they were putting themselves and their family in danger by making themselves known. It also caused a â€Å"gap in demand, for products like cotton textile, glass, aluminium, vegetable oils, rubber goods, foot wear†¦,† (Anand). Also shortages of raw matierals were experienced in industries such as the â€Å"paper,leather tanning and some chemical industries,† (Anand). Another impact of the partition was that many of our skilled laborers were forced out of the country into the country of their ancestors. The partition of India was done in unnecessary rage over religion, society and a fight with the past that they could not let go. This partition broke the country into two parts so opposite from each other and whose hatred has not yet simmered down after all these years. This partition left so many scars on both the lands both socially and economically though the social impacts being more lasting and greater than the economic. These social impacts have remained though not as intense or violent as in 1947 but they have not yet gone and might never end but the economic issues listed previously have been dealt and handled and now India is a major rising power in the world.

How to achieve peace in Pakistan Essay

Pakistan was founded. Pakistan was built to fulfill the needs of the Muslim community by providing them equality, Justice and freedom. However, soon enough it failed to fulfill the promises it had made to its society thus instability, restlessness and wretchedness reigned throughout the nation. Achievement of peace in Pakistan is actually the desire of every follow Pakistani or at least a huge majority of them. To devise a proper strategy we need to analyze and understand the causes f unrest and chaos in Pakistan. Factors causing disturbance in Pakistan can be categorized in internal and external factors. Internals factors consist of social, economic, political and administrative whereas external factors are related to regional instability and international so-called war on terror involving Kashmir, Iran, Afghanistan and Baluchistan. For achievement of peace and stability we need to address the huge gap between haves and have not’s. Firstly socially, there seems to be a huge gap between the different classes within the country. A large majority when sees a small minority enjoying a very luxurious life style they naturally rebel and resort to unlawful activities to become rich overnight. We can say this is a poor vs. rich tension, which disturbs the peace of society in various ways such as crime and law breaking. Secondly, politically, in Karachi different political parties have armed wings. Karachi being the biggest city has greater influence. Respective political leaders protect crimes of members of these gangs. While political leaders re enjoyingi government position at the same time they are patronizing criminals, murderers, target killers, extortionists and land grabbers. Thirdly, economically, Karachi being port city and major economic hub affects Pakistan. One day of strike and unrest in Karachi costs billion of rupees to national exchequer. Lastly, on the administrative side, law enforcement agencies are plagued by corruption. They are packed with cronies of influential people along with lack of proper training and sufficient resources. In some cases sources of trouble and unrest outnumber civil law nforcement agencies. Furthermore criminals are able to get relief from tax and justice procedures. They can even intimidate eyewitnesses and thus obstruct dispensation of Justices. This further erodes confidence of public on the prevailing system and thus increases unrest and instability. Therefore, to achieve peace we need to address all these issues immediately. The first step should be to break the vicious cycle of illiteracy, poverty and disease by providing educational and health facilities and equal Job opportunities on merit. We have to uplift standard of general public through a fair system based on social Justice by educating general public through print and electronic media about the responsibilities and rights of a citizen. Law enforcement agencies need to be revamped by selecting officers and cadres on merit, proper training and equipping them with latest equipment and technology and where necessary paramilitary forces can be used to assist them. A fair and speedy Justice system, which ensures that troublemakers are taken to task without ny delay, should be formed. Similarly, on the international front we have to get out of Afghan war. We should not allow proxy wars to be fought in our territory. In KPK and Baluchistan political reconciliation is required since administrative measures alone have failed to give desired results. To sum up, peace in Pakistan cannot be achieved in bullet but a set of social, economic, political and administrative system could help our country to gradually move towards the right path and a path towards stability.